Biotechnologie 2
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Weiße Biotechnologie

Was wissen sie über Hyaluronsäure, Herstellung und Anwendung?

  • Hyaluronsäure ist ein Glykosaminoglykan, Polymer aus D-Glucuronsäure und GlcNac.
  • Bestandteil des Bindegewebes und der Gelenksflüssigkeit, aus Hahnenkamm und Nabelschnur isolierbar.

  • Herstellung:
    • Biotechnologische Herstellung mit
      • Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
      • bzw mit rekombinanten Bacillus subtilis.

  • Eigenschaften:
    • Hohe Wasserbindungsfähigkeit,
    • Druckbeständigkeit
    • Schmiermittel.

  • Verwendung:
    • Hyaluronsäurepräparate werden in arthrosegeschädigte Gelenke gespritzt
    • Nasensprays gegen Austrocknung der Nasenschleimhäute,
    • Applikation für chirurgische Implantate
    • Schönheitschirurgie
    • Kosmetik
 
 
Weitere Notizen:
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrate epithelial, neural and connective tissues. Due to the high moisture retention, biocompatibility and viscoelasticity properties of this polymer, HA has become an important component of major pharmaceutical, biomedical and cosmetic products with high commercial value worldwide. Currently, large scale production of HA involves extraction from animal tissues as well as the use of bacterial expression systems in Streptococci. However, due to concerns over safety, alternative sources of HA have been pursued which include the use of endotoxin-free microorganisms such as Bacilli and Escherichia coli. In this review, we explore current knowledge of biosynthetic enzymes that produce HA, how these systems have been used commercially to produce HA and how the challenges of producing HA cheaply and safely are being addressed.
 
Hyaluronic acid (also referred to as HA or hyaluronan) is a natural and linear polysaccharide belonging to the class of the non-sulphated glycosaminoglycans. HA is a unique biopolymer in that its structure is highly conserved and identical in all species. HA is composed of alternating beta-1,3-N-acetyl glucosamine and beta-1,4-glucuronic acid disaccharide units (see figure 1). The number of repeating disaccharides can reach 10,000 or more, resulting in molecular weights of 4 MDa or more.1
Hyaluronic acid is found in the vitreous body and it is also abundant in the extracellular matrix, especially of soft connective tissue, and in the synovial fluids of articular joints. Skin tissues contain the largest amount of HA, i.e. 7-8g per average adult human.1
HA exhibits significant structural, rheological, physiological, and biological functions. Its distinctive moisturising and visco-elastic properties, coupled with its lack of immunogenicity and toxicity, have led to a wide range of proven and marketed applications within the cosmetic and biomedical industries.2 These include skin moisturisers, osteoarthritis treatment, ophthalmic surgery, eye and rewetting drops, adhesion prevention, dermal fillers and wound healing. Hyaluronic acid is also increasingly investigated as a carrier for the dermal, ophthalmic, nasal, pulmonary, parenteral, liposomal, and implantable delivery of drugs as well as for gene delivery

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